This massive concrete infrastructure deterioration problem calls for a radical change of the current limit state design philosophy which is concerned mainly with the safety and serviceability of newly-built concrete structures to the design and management of performance of concrete structures over their entire life span, a technology that is commonly referred to as “Life-Cycle Management (LCM)”. The implementation requires not only the accurate prediction of the chronic performance degradation of concrete infrastructures but also the development of advanced maintenance and intervention methods to timely upgrade the performance wherein necessary. Appropriate performance management can extend the design service life of existing concrete infrastructures, while without appropirate maintenance the performance may be deteriorated at early stage due to severe mechanical and environmental loadings possessing the risk of reduced service life (Fig.1). In addition, in order to achieve the designed service life of concrete infrastructures, different maintenance strategies (Fig.2) can be used and an optimal solution is expected to be found, for instance, based on the minimum life cycle cost (LCC) concept.